The Oncostatin M Receptor β is a subunit of the functional type II cytokine receptor complexes for both oncostatin M (OSM) and interleukin-31 (IL-31). Signaling through OSMRβ, particularly by IL-31, is a key mediator of pruritus (itch), neuronal hypersensitivity, and skin barrier dysfunction. By inhibiting OSMRβ, vixarelimab aims to disrupt this critical itch and inflammation axis at its root.