Gantenerumab is an investigational, fully human monoclonal IgG1 antibody developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It functions as a targeted immunotherapeutic agent designed to promote the clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques from the brain. Gantenerumab is unique in that it is a conformational antibody; it specifically binds to a conformational epitope present on aggregated, fibrillar forms of Aβ, which constitute the core of senile plaques. By binding to these plaques, the antibody aims to engage microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, via its IgG1 Fc region. This engagement facilitates phagocytosis and clearance of the plaques, thereby reducing the amyloid burden, a core pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, with the goal of slowing clinical decline.