Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor and pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by various cells, including T cells, macrophages, and epithelial cells. It signals through a receptor complex (GM-CSFR) expressed on myeloid lineage cells (e.g., neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells). GM-CSF plays a key role in the maturation, activation, and survival of these cells.