CCR5 (C-C chemokine receptor type 5) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed on the surface of various immune cells, including T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Its physiological role involves mediating cell migration in response to chemokines (e.g., RANTES/CCL5, MIP-1α/CCL3, MIP-1β/CCL4). In HIV-1 pathogenesis, CCR5 serves as the primary co-receptor (alongside CD4) for the entry of the most common strains (R5-tropic) of HIV-1 into host cells.