The interleukin-31 receptor is a heterodimeric complex composed of IL-31 receptor A (IL-31RA) and the oncostatin M receptor beta (OSMRβ). It is expressed on neurons, keratinocytes, and immune cells. Binding of IL-31 (produced mainly by Th2 cells and eosinophils) to this receptor activates the JAK/STAT, MAPK, and PI3K pathways, leading to pruritus, epidermal barrier dysfunction, and inflammatory responses.