PAUF, promotes tumor progression by enhancing cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, while suppressing anti-tumor immune responses. Ulenistamab’s neutralization of PAUF aims to disrupt these pathways, potentially improving drug delivery and efficacy in combination with chemotherapy. Its design as an IgG1 antibody may also engage immune effector functions (e.g., ADCC) against PAUF-expressing tumor cells.