Varlilumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody agonist targeting CD27, a co-stimulatory receptor in the TNF receptor superfamily expressed on T cells. It binds to CD27 to enhance T cell activation, proliferation, and memory formation, thereby boosting anti-tumor immunity. It has been investigated in clinical trials for advanced solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, often in combination with other immunotherapies like PD-1 inhibitors.