Iluzanebart is an investigational, fully human monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody developed as a therapeutic agonist for human Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2 (TREM2). It is designed for the potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. Unlike typical antagonists, iluzanebart functions as an agonist, meaning it activates the TREM2 pathway. By binding to TREM2, it mimics or enhances the action of its natural ligands, leading to the dimerization and activation of the receptor. This activation initiates intracellular signaling cascades that improve microglial survival, enhance phagocytic function, and promote a neuroprotective phenotype, thereby aiming to counteract the dysfunctional microglial state observed in neurodegenerative conditions.