Olokizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that specifically targets interleukin-6 (IL-6), a key pro-inflammatory cytokine. Unlike some other anti-IL-6 therapies that block the IL-6 receptor (e.g., tocilizumab), olokizumab binds directly to the IL-6 cytokine itself, preventing it from interacting with both the membrane-bound and soluble forms of the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R). This inhibition blocks downstream JAK/STAT and MAPK signaling, reducing systemic and local inflammation. It is approved in Russia for the treatment of moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults who have had an inadequate response to disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). It is administered via subcutaneous injection.